Anthropology and ethnography both had their origins as academic fields in the late nineteenth century, though both were practiced earlier. The field of cultural anthropology, which studies cultural variations between groups of humans, was prevalent in the United States as anthropologists and ethnographers studied Native American groups. Both cultural anthropology and ethnography had a focus on researchers observing and even participating in the cultural practices of the group they studied, up to and including "living with people of another culture for an extended period of time, so that they could learn the local language and be enculturated, at least partially, into that culture."[1]

By the twentieth century, anthropologists and ethnographers appreciated the groups they studied as "different and equally valued,"[2]...

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