Similar maps of Italian-American land ownership were never prepared but would have shown an equally threatening picture. Italian restaurants “surround” San Francisco Bay and would appear from a color-coded map to be part of a grand strategy to capture the bay area.

It was during this period that President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which gave the secretary of war and the military commanders the power to exclude any person from designated areas in order to secure national defense objectives against sabotage and espi-onage. The military commander for the western states, Lieutenant General J. L. DeWitt, took full advantage of the powers that the executive order gave him.

General DeWitt

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